The anesthesiologist's most critical aspect of liver anatomy is its blood supply. The liver derives its blood supply from the hepatic artery and portal vein. These two blood vessels receive about 20%–25% (≈1500 mL/min) of cardiac output. The hepatic artery provides approximately 25% of the blood flow to the liver, with the portal vein providing the remaining 75%. The portal vein receives blood specifically from the stomach , intestines , pancreas, and spleen and carries it into the liver through the porta hepatis. While there may be some variations between individuals, the hepatic portal vein is usually formed by the convergence of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein , referred to as the splenic-mesenteric confluence. The hepatic artery arises from the common hepatic artery, a branch of the celiac artery. It runs alongside the portal vein and the common bile duct to form the portal triad. Owing to the difference in oxygen content of portal venous ...
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